Scientific Climate Data

Quantitative information produced through Western scientific methods, including systematic observation, modeling, or analysis of the climate system. This category of scientific information specifically refers to data generated through instrumental records, remote sensing, and computational models-such as temperature trends, precipitation, sea level rise, drought indices, and ocean heat content-typically produced and managed by institutions like NASA, national meteorological agencies, and climate research centers (ClimateWest, 2022; Wang et al., 2012). For clarity, this definition does not include Indigenous knowledge, Indigenous science, or traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), which represent distinct and equally valuable knowledge systems with their own methodologies and epistemologies (Little Bear, 2009; Reyes-García et al., 2023).